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INTRODUCTION - INCLINOMETER |
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Application
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Application for vertical
inclinometer includes:
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Monitoring slopes and
landslides to detect zones of movement and establish whether movement is
constant, accelerating, or responding to remedial measures.
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Monitoring diaphragm walls
and sheet piles to check that deflections are within design limits, that
struts and anchors are performing as expected, and that adjacent buildings
are not affected by ground movements.
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Monitoring dams, dam
abutments, and upstream slopes for movement during and after impoundment.
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Monitoring the effects of
tunneling operations to ensure that adjacent structures are not damaged by
ground movements.
Application for horizontal
inclinometers include:
- Providing settlement profiles of embankments, foundations, and other
structures.
- Monitoring deformation of the concrete face of a dam.
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System Components |
Inclinometer Casing:
Installed in a borehole that passes
through suspected zones of movement. Inclinometer casing can also be
embedded in fill, buried in a trench, cast into concrete, or attached to a
structure. Important features include the diameter of the casing, the
coupling mechanism, groove precision and straightness, and the strength of
the casing. See CEP Inclinometer
Casing / Slope Indicator
Inclinometer Casing.
Portable Inclinometer Probe or a Fixed
String of In-Place Sensors:
Used to survey the casing. The first
survey establishes the initial profile of the casing. Subsequent surveys
reveal changes in the profile of the casing if movement has occurred.
The portable inclinometer probe is the
standard device for surveying the casing. It obtains a complete profile
because it is drawn from the bottom to the top of the casing. It is also
economical, since it can be carried from site to site. See
Digitilt Inclinometer Probe
or Horizontal Inclinometer
Probe.
In-place inclinometer sensors are ideal for data logging and real-time,
remote monitoring for critical applications such as construction control
and safety monitoring. The costs for an in-place system are greater
because the sensors are dedicated to a particular installation. See
EL In-Place Sensors or
Horizontal EL In-Place Sensors
or EL Sled Sensors .
A spiral sensor provides readings that
can be used to correct inclinometer data obtained from spiraled casing.
Spiral surveys are recommended when the installation is very deep, when
inclinometer readings indicate movement in unlikely directions, or when
difficulties were experienced during installation. See
Spiral Sensor .
Portable Readout or a DataLogger:
Used to record the surveys. The portable
readout is used with the portable probe. Advance readouts store readings
in solid-state memory, eliminating pencil, paper, and transcription
errors, and transfer the data to a computer for processing. See the
Digitilt
DataMateII.
A data logger is used with in-place sensors. It monitors
continuously and can trigger an alarm when it detects a change or rate of
change that exceeds a preset value. See
CR1000 data logger.
Computer Software for Data Reduction
and Graphing:
Inclinometers generate more data than do
other types of sensors. A single survey may generate several hundred data
points. Over time, tens of thousands of data points are manipulated,
reduced, graphed, and archived. uSlope
software and Slope Indicator's
DigiPro
software for Windows 95/98/NT and above is designed to speed this
process. You can download a trial version of the DigiPro program.
In-place inclinometer systems connected to data loggers generate even more
data. With such systems, near-real time processing is usually a
requirement. Slope Indicator can provide customized software, such as
uMonitor or
uGraph,
that shows location, reading, alarm status, and trend plots.
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